Unidad III. Aproximacion al texto

Introducción

La Unidad III, Aproximación al texto, trata de estrategias de lectura para la comprensión de un texto; así mismo las técnicas de predicción a través de un contexto.

Dichas técnicas son:
Predicción
Skimming

Scanning

Texto en Inglés:

The capabilities of the personal computer have changed greatly since the introduction of electronic computers. By the early 1970s, people in academic or research institutions had the opportunity for single-person use of a computer system in interactive mode for extended durations, although these systems would still have been too expensive to be owned by a single person. The introduction of the microprocessor, a single chip with all the circuitry that formerly occupied large cabinets, led to the proliferation of personal computers after about 1975. In what was later to be called The Mother of All Demos, SRI researcher Douglas Englebart in 1968 gave a preview of what would become the staples of daily working life in the 21st century - e-mail, hypertext, word processing, video conferencing, and the mouse.
Early personal computers - generally called microcomputers - were sold often in Electronic kit form and in limited volumes, and were of interest mostly to hobbyists and technicians. Minimal programming was done by toggle switches, and output was provided by front panel indicators. Practical use required peripherals such as keyboards, computer terminals, disk drives, and printers. Micral N was the earliest commercial, non-kit "personal" computer based on a microprocessor, the Intel 8008. It was built starting in 1972 and about 90,000 units were sold. Unlike other hobbyist computers of its day, which were sold as electronics kits, in 1976 Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak sold the Apple I computer circuit board, which was fully prepared and contained about 30 chips. The first complete personal computer was the Commodore PET introduced in January 1977. It was soon followed by the popular Apple II. Mass-market pre-assembled computers allowed a wider range of people to use computers, focusing more on software applications and less on development of the processor hardware.
Throughout the late 1970s and into the 1980s, computers were developed for household use, offering personal productivity, programming and games. Somewhat larger and more expensive systems (although still low-cost compared with minicomputers and mainframes) were aimed for office and small business use. Workstations are characterized by high-performance processors and graphics displays, with large local disk storage, networking capability, and running under a multitasking operating system. Workstations are still used for tasks such as computer-aided design, drafting and modelling, computation-intensive scientific and engineering calculations, image processing, architectural modelling, and computer graphics for animation and motion picture visual effects.[1]
Eventually due to the IBM-PC's influence on the Personal Computer market Personal Computers and Home Computers lost any technical distinction. Business computers acquired color graphics capability and sound, and home computers and game systems users used the same processors and operating systems as office workers. Mass-market computers had graphics capabilities and memory comparable to dedicated workstations of a few years before. Even local area networking, originally a way to allow business computers to share expensive mass storage and peripherals, became a standard feature of the personal computers used at home.

Skimming:
1.- ¿Cual es la Idea general del texto?
La idea general del texto son los cambios que han venido presentando las computadoras personales a lo largo del tiempo.

2.- ¿Qué palabras se repiten?
· Computer
· Personal
· Home
· Capabilities

3.- ¿Qué palabras se parecen al español?
· Computer
· Used
· Personal
· Animation
· Academic
· Popular

4.- ¿Cuáles son las palabras en negrita, el titulo, subtitulo o graficos que te ayudan a entender el texto?
· computer system
· microprocessor
· chip
· The Mother of All Demos
· computer terminals
· Workstations

5.- ¿De qué trata el texto? Lee el primer párrafo y el último o las ultimas ideas del último párrafo
El texto trata de las capacidades de las computadoras personales han cambiado desde la introducción de las computadoras electrónicas.

Reflexión:

Estas estrategias de comprensión como lo son la predicción, scanning y skimming; son de gran ayuda al momento de querer saber de que trata un texto en inglés y lograr su comprensión.